Особенности работы с ms sql дата

Параметр значений

Параметр Описание
string Требуемый. Строка, которая будет отформатирована до даты
format Требуемый. Формат для использования. Может быть одно или комбинация следующих значений:

Формат Описание
%a Сокращенное название дня недели (от ВС до СБ)
%b Сокращенное название месяца (январь-декабрь)
%c Числовое название месяца (от 0 до 12)
%D День месяца как числовое значение, за которым следует суффикс (1-й, 2-й, 3-й, …)
%d День месяца как числовое значение (от 01 до 31)
%e День месяца как числовое значение (от 0 до 31)
%f Микросекунды (от 000000 до 999999)
%H Час (с 00 до 23)
%h Час (с 00 до 12)
%I Час (с 00 до 12)
%i Минуты (от 00 до 59)
%j День года (от 001 до 366)
%k Час (от 0 до 23)
%l Час (от 1 до 12)
%M Название месяца полностью (январь-декабрь)
%m Название месяца в виде числового значения (от 00 до 12)
%p AM или PM
%r Время в формате 12 часов утра или вечера (hh:mm:ss AM/PM)
%S Секунды (от 00 до 59)
%s Секунды (от 00 до 59)
%T Время в 24-часовом формате (hh:mm:ss)
%U Неделя, где воскресенье — это первый день недели (с 00 до 53)
%u Неделя, где понедельник — это первый день недели (с 00 до 53)
%V Неделя, где воскресенье — это первый день недели (с 01 по 53). Используется с %X
%v Неделя, где понедельник — это первый день недели (с 01 по 53). Используется с %X
%W Название дня недели полностью (с воскресенья по субботу)
%w День недели, где воскресенье=0 и суббота=6
%X Год для недели, где воскресенье — это первый день недели. Используется с %V
%x Год для недели, где понедельник — это первый день недели. Используется с %V
%Y Год как числовое, 4-значное значение
%y Год как числовое, 2-значное значение

Example

The first example will be simple, we have a varchar column with a date in a table, but we need to convert the varchar to date. We need to do a SQL convert date.

Here it is script to create the table with data:

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CREATETABLEdbo.delivers(

productidtinyintNOTNULL,

datenvarchar(100)NULL,

CONSTRAINTPK_deliversPRIMARYKEYCLUSTERED

(

productidASC

)WITH(PAD_INDEX=OFF,STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE=OFF,IGNORE_DUP_KEY=OFF,ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS=ON,ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS=ON)ONPRIMARY

)ONPRIMARY

GO

INSERTdbo.delivers(productid,date)VALUES(1,N’02-03-2005′)

INSERTdbo.delivers(productid,date)VALUES(2,N’03-05-2006′)

INSERTdbo.delivers(productid,date)VALUES(3,N’04-05-2011′)

We want to convert the column date from nvarchar(100) to a date.

To do it, we are going to try to modify the design of the table:

We will try to change the Data Type to smalldatetime:

You will receive the following error message:

Saving changes is not permitted. The changes that you have made require the following tables to be dropped and re-created. You have either made changes to a table that can’t be re-created or enabled the option Prevent saving changes that require the table to be re-created.

To solve this error, in SSMS go to Tools > Options menu:

In Options, go to Designers >Table and Database Designers and uncheck the Prevent saving changes that require table re-creation:

This option will disable to option to prevent saving table recreation. When you modify the column data type, it requires table re-creation.

Now, you can save the design and your table will be converted to date and the SQL convert date is completed:

Using DATETIME in SQL

Our New “Users” Table:

id username first last last_login
1 ohBillNotAgain Hillary Clinton 2011-12-24 12:59:15
2 internetCreator Al Gore 2011-12-24 11:53:25
3 dontMessWithTexas George Bush 2011-12-24 16:24:17

Now, we attempt to get all of our members that logged in before before 1:00PM December 24, 2011.

Example

SELECT * 
FROM Users
WHERE last_login < '2011-12-24 13:00:00'

Result

id username first last last_login
1 ohBillNotAgain Hillary Clinton 2011-12-24 12:59:15
2 internetCreator Al Gore 2011-12-24 11:53:25

Poor George… Alright, exactly the same syntax as a last one with except we replaced the column name and used a DATETIME string to compare against. The DATETIME data type contains all of the same elements as the DATE data type plus a time string. Commonly referenced as ‘YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS’ Again, in single quotations and with a space separating the date string from the time string, we create our DATE string for comparison. Hillary and Al both make the cut because they logged in before the ‘2011-12-24 13:00:00’ cut off DATETIME. It’s much easier here than it looks in practice. That’s because we put in the DATETIME string by hand. SQL has a few DATE functions you can play around with that you can replace our string with:

Important SQL DATE Functions

Note: SQL DATE functions differ greatly across SQL versions. These are MySQL.

  • CURDATE() – gets the current date
  • CURTIME() – gets the current time
  • NOW() – gets both the date and time (in DATETIME format)

If you are not using MySQL, consider switching. Just kidding, kind of, but no worries, a simple query of Google will help you find the right SQL functions for your SQL database.

SQL Справочник

SQL Ключевые слова
ADD
ADD CONSTRAINT
ALTER
ALTER COLUMN
ALTER TABLE
ALL
AND
ANY
AS
ASC
BACKUP DATABASE
BETWEEN
CASE
CHECK
COLUMN
CONSTRAINT
CREATE
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
CREATE TABLE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX
CREATE VIEW
DATABASE
DEFAULT
DELETE
DESC
DISTINCT
DROP
DROP COLUMN
DROP CONSTRAINT
DROP DATABASE
DROP DEFAULT
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
DROP VIEW
EXEC
EXISTS
FOREIGN KEY
FROM
FULL OUTER JOIN
GROUP BY
HAVING
IN
INDEX
INNER JOIN
INSERT INTO
INSERT INTO SELECT
IS NULL
IS NOT NULL
JOIN
LEFT JOIN
LIKE
LIMIT
NOT
NOT NULL
OR
ORDER BY
OUTER JOIN
PRIMARY KEY
PROCEDURE
RIGHT JOIN
ROWNUM
SELECT
SELECT DISTINCT
SELECT INTO
SELECT TOP
SET
TABLE
TOP
TRUNCATE TABLE
UNION
UNION ALL
UNIQUE
UPDATE
VALUES
VIEW
WHERE

MySQL Функции
Функции строк
ASCII
CHAR_LENGTH
CHARACTER_LENGTH
CONCAT
CONCAT_WS
FIELD
FIND_IN_SET
FORMAT
INSERT
INSTR
LCASE
LEFT
LENGTH
LOCATE
LOWER
LPAD
LTRIM
MID
POSITION
REPEAT
REPLACE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RPAD
RTRIM
SPACE
STRCMP
SUBSTR
SUBSTRING
SUBSTRING_INDEX
TRIM
UCASE
UPPER
Функции чисел
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATAN2
AVG
CEIL
CEILING
COS
COT
COUNT
DEGREES
DIV
EXP
FLOOR
GREATEST
LEAST
LN
LOG
LOG10
LOG2
MAX
MIN
MOD
PI
POW
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SUM
TAN
TRUNCATE
Функции дат
ADDDATE
ADDTIME
CURDATE
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
CURTIME
DATE
DATEDIFF
DATE_ADD
DATE_FORMAT
DATE_SUB
DAY
DAYNAME
DAYOFMONTH
DAYOFWEEK
DAYOFYEAR
EXTRACT
FROM_DAYS
HOUR
LAST_DAY
LOCALTIME
LOCALTIMESTAMP
MAKEDATE
MAKETIME
MICROSECOND
MINUTE
MONTH
MONTHNAME
NOW
PERIOD_ADD
PERIOD_DIFF
QUARTER
SECOND
SEC_TO_TIME
STR_TO_DATE
SUBDATE
SUBTIME
SYSDATE
TIME
TIME_FORMAT
TIME_TO_SEC
TIMEDIFF
TIMESTAMP
TO_DAYS
WEEK
WEEKDAY
WEEKOFYEAR
YEAR
YEARWEEK
Функции расширений
BIN
BINARY
CASE
CAST
COALESCE
CONNECTION_ID
CONV
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
DATABASE
IF
IFNULL
ISNULL
LAST_INSERT_ID
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SYSTEM_USER
USER
VERSION

SQL Server функции
Функции строк
ASCII
CHAR
CHARINDEX
CONCAT
Concat with +
CONCAT_WS
DATALENGTH
DIFFERENCE
FORMAT
LEFT
LEN
LOWER
LTRIM
NCHAR
PATINDEX
QUOTENAME
REPLACE
REPLICATE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RTRIM
SOUNDEX
SPACE
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
TRANSLATE
TRIM
UNICODE
UPPER
Функции чисел
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
CEILING
COUNT
COS
COT
DEGREES
EXP
FLOOR
LOG
LOG10
MAX
MIN
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SQUARE
SUM
TAN
Функции дат
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATEFROMPARTS
DATENAME
DATEPART
DAY
GETDATE
GETUTCDATE
ISDATE
MONTH
SYSDATETIME
YEAR
Функции расширений
CAST
COALESCE
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
IIF
ISNULL
ISNUMERIC
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SESSIONPROPERTY
SYSTEM_USER
USER_NAME

MS Access функции
Функции строк
Asc
Chr
Concat with &
CurDir
Format
InStr
InstrRev
LCase
Left
Len
LTrim
Mid
Replace
Right
RTrim
Space
Split
Str
StrComp
StrConv
StrReverse
Trim
UCase
Функции чисел
Abs
Atn
Avg
Cos
Count
Exp
Fix
Format
Int
Max
Min
Randomize
Rnd
Round
Sgn
Sqr
Sum
Val
Функции дат
Date
DateAdd
DateDiff
DatePart
DateSerial
DateValue
Day
Format
Hour
Minute
Month
MonthName
Now
Second
Time
TimeSerial
TimeValue
Weekday
WeekdayName
Year
Другие функции
CurrentUser
Environ
IsDate
IsNull
IsNumeric

SQL ОператорыSQL Типы данныхSQL Краткий справочник

YEARWEEK(date), YEARWEEK(date,mode)

Returns the year and the week for a date. The mode argument works exactly like the mode argument to the WEEK() function. The year in the result may be different from the year in the date argument for the first and the last week of the year.

mysql> SELECT YEARWEEK('1987-01-01');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| YEAR('98-02-03')YEARWEEK('1987-01-01')                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 198653                                                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Note − The week number is different from what the WEEK() function would return (0) for optional arguments 0 or 1, as WEEK() then returns the week in the context of the given year.

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TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2)

Returns the integer difference between the date or datetime expressions datetime_expr1 and datetime_expr2. The unit for the result is given by the unit argument. The legal values for the unit are the same as those listed in the description of the TIMESTAMPADD() function.

mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH,'2003-02-01','2003-05-01');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| TIMESTAMPDIFF(MONTH,'2003-02-01','2003-05-01')          |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 3                                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SQL Учебник

SQL ГлавнаяSQL ВведениеSQL СинтаксисSQL SELECTSQL SELECT DISTINCTSQL WHERESQL AND, OR, NOTSQL ORDER BYSQL INSERT INTOSQL Значение NullSQL Инструкция UPDATESQL Инструкция DELETESQL SELECT TOPSQL MIN() и MAX()SQL COUNT(), AVG() и …SQL Оператор LIKESQL ПодстановочныйSQL Оператор INSQL Оператор BETWEENSQL ПсевдонимыSQL JOINSQL JOIN ВнутриSQL JOIN СлеваSQL JOIN СправаSQL JOIN ПолноеSQL JOIN СамSQL Оператор UNIONSQL GROUP BYSQL HAVINGSQL Оператор ExistsSQL Операторы Any, AllSQL SELECT INTOSQL INSERT INTO SELECTSQL Инструкция CASESQL Функции NULLSQL ХранимаяSQL Комментарии

SQL References

SQL Keywords
ADD
ADD CONSTRAINT
ALTER
ALTER COLUMN
ALTER TABLE
ALL
AND
ANY
AS
ASC
BACKUP DATABASE
BETWEEN
CASE
CHECK
COLUMN
CONSTRAINT
CREATE
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
CREATE TABLE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX
CREATE VIEW
DATABASE
DEFAULT
DELETE
DESC
DISTINCT
DROP
DROP COLUMN
DROP CONSTRAINT
DROP DATABASE
DROP DEFAULT
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
DROP VIEW
EXEC
EXISTS
FOREIGN KEY
FROM
FULL OUTER JOIN
GROUP BY
HAVING
IN
INDEX
INNER JOIN
INSERT INTO
INSERT INTO SELECT
IS NULL
IS NOT NULL
JOIN
LEFT JOIN
LIKE
LIMIT
NOT
NOT NULL
OR
ORDER BY
OUTER JOIN
PRIMARY KEY
PROCEDURE
RIGHT JOIN
ROWNUM
SELECT
SELECT DISTINCT
SELECT INTO
SELECT TOP
SET
TABLE
TOP
TRUNCATE TABLE
UNION
UNION ALL
UNIQUE
UPDATE
VALUES
VIEW
WHERE

MySQL Functions
String Functions
ASCII
CHAR_LENGTH
CHARACTER_LENGTH
CONCAT
CONCAT_WS
FIELD
FIND_IN_SET
FORMAT
INSERT
INSTR
LCASE
LEFT
LENGTH
LOCATE
LOWER
LPAD
LTRIM
MID
POSITION
REPEAT
REPLACE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RPAD
RTRIM
SPACE
STRCMP
SUBSTR
SUBSTRING
SUBSTRING_INDEX
TRIM
UCASE
UPPER

Numeric Functions
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATAN2
AVG
CEIL
CEILING
COS
COT
COUNT
DEGREES
DIV
EXP
FLOOR
GREATEST
LEAST
LN
LOG
LOG10
LOG2
MAX
MIN
MOD
PI
POW
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SUM
TAN
TRUNCATE

Date Functions
ADDDATE
ADDTIME
CURDATE
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
CURTIME
DATE
DATEDIFF
DATE_ADD
DATE_FORMAT
DATE_SUB
DAY
DAYNAME
DAYOFMONTH
DAYOFWEEK
DAYOFYEAR
EXTRACT
FROM_DAYS
HOUR
LAST_DAY
LOCALTIME
LOCALTIMESTAMP
MAKEDATE
MAKETIME
MICROSECOND
MINUTE
MONTH
MONTHNAME
NOW
PERIOD_ADD
PERIOD_DIFF
QUARTER
SECOND
SEC_TO_TIME
STR_TO_DATE
SUBDATE
SUBTIME
SYSDATE
TIME
TIME_FORMAT
TIME_TO_SEC
TIMEDIFF
TIMESTAMP
TO_DAYS
WEEK
WEEKDAY
WEEKOFYEAR
YEAR
YEARWEEK

Advanced Functions
BIN
BINARY
CASE
CAST
COALESCE
CONNECTION_ID
CONV
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
DATABASE
IF
IFNULL
ISNULL
LAST_INSERT_ID
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SYSTEM_USER
USER
VERSION

SQL Server Functions
String Functions
ASCII
CHAR
CHARINDEX
CONCAT
Concat with +
CONCAT_WS
DATALENGTH
DIFFERENCE
FORMAT
LEFT
LEN
LOWER
LTRIM
NCHAR
PATINDEX
QUOTENAME
REPLACE
REPLICATE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RTRIM
SOUNDEX
SPACE
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
TRANSLATE
TRIM
UNICODE
UPPER

Numeric Functions
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
CEILING
COUNT
COS
COT
DEGREES
EXP
FLOOR
LOG
LOG10
MAX
MIN
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SQUARE
SUM
TAN

Date Functions
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATEFROMPARTS
DATENAME
DATEPART
DAY
GETDATE
GETUTCDATE
ISDATE
MONTH
SYSDATETIME
YEAR

Advanced Functions
CAST
COALESCE
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
IIF
ISNULL
ISNUMERIC
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SESSIONPROPERTY
SYSTEM_USER
USER_NAME

MS Access Functions
String Functions
Asc
Chr
Concat with &
CurDir
Format
InStr
InstrRev
LCase
Left
Len
LTrim
Mid
Replace
Right
RTrim
Space
Split
Str
StrComp
StrConv
StrReverse
Trim
UCase

Numeric Functions
Abs
Atn
Avg
Cos
Count
Exp
Fix
Format
Int
Max
Min
Randomize
Rnd
Round
Sgn
Sqr
Sum
Val

Date Functions
Date
DateAdd
DateDiff
DatePart
DateSerial
DateValue
Day
Format
Hour
Minute
Month
MonthName
Now
Second
Time
TimeSerial
TimeValue
Weekday
WeekdayName
Year

Other Functions
CurrentUser
Environ
IsDate
IsNull
IsNumeric

SQL Quick Ref

SQL Учебник

SQL ГлавнаяSQL ВведениеSQL СинтаксисSQL SELECTSQL SELECT DISTINCTSQL WHERESQL AND, OR, NOTSQL ORDER BYSQL INSERT INTOSQL Значение NullSQL Инструкция UPDATESQL Инструкция DELETESQL SELECT TOPSQL MIN() и MAX()SQL COUNT(), AVG() и …SQL Оператор LIKESQL ПодстановочныйSQL Оператор INSQL Оператор BETWEENSQL ПсевдонимыSQL JOINSQL JOIN ВнутриSQL JOIN СлеваSQL JOIN СправаSQL JOIN ПолноеSQL JOIN СамSQL Оператор UNIONSQL GROUP BYSQL HAVINGSQL Оператор ExistsSQL Операторы Any, AllSQL SELECT INTOSQL INSERT INTO SELECTSQL Инструкция CASESQL Функции NULLSQL ХранимаяSQL Комментарии

TIMESTAMPADD(unit,interval,datetime_expr)

This function adds the integer expression interval to the date or datetime expression datetime_expr. The unit for interval is given by the unit argument, which should be one of the following values −

  • FRAC_SECOND
  • SECOND, MINUTE
  • HOUR, DAY
  • WEEK
  • MONTH
  • QUARTER or
  • YEAR

The unit value may be specified using one of the keywords as shown or with a prefix of SQL_TSI_.

For example, DAY and SQL_TSI_DAY both are legal.

mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMPADD(MINUTE,1,'2003-01-02');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| TIMESTAMPADD(MINUTE,1,'2003-01-02')                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2003-01-02 00:01:00                                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SQL Работа с датами

Вы можете легко сравнить две даты, если нет никакого компонента времени!

Предположим, что у нас есть следующая таблица «Orders»:

OrderId ProductName OrderDate
1 Geitost 2008-11-11
2 Camembert Pierrot 2008-11-09
3 Mozzarella di Giovanni 2008-11-11
4 Mascarpone Fabioli 2008-10-29

Теперь мы хотим выбрать записи с порядковым номером «2008-11-11» из приведенной выше таблицы.

Мы используем следующую инструкцию SELECT:

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate=’2008-11-11′

Результирующий набор будет выглядеть следующим образом:

OrderId ProductName OrderDate
1 Geitost 2008-11-11
3 Mozzarella di Giovanni 2008-11-11

Теперь предположим, что таблица «Orders» выглядит следующим образом (обратите внимание на компонент time в столбце «OrderDate»):

OrderId ProductName OrderDate
1 Geitost 2008-11-11 13:23:44
2 Camembert Pierrot 2008-11-09 15:45:21
3 Mozzarella di Giovanni 2008-11-11 11:12:01
4 Mascarpone Fabioli 2008-10-29 14:56:59

Если мы используем тот же оператор SELECT, что и выше:

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate=’2008-11-11′

Мы не получим никакого результата! Это происходит потому, что запрос ищет только даты без временной части.

Совет: Чтобы ваши запросы были простыми и удобными в обслуживании, не допускайте компонентов времени в ваших датах!

SQL Справочник

SQL Ключевые слова
ADD
ADD CONSTRAINT
ALTER
ALTER COLUMN
ALTER TABLE
ALL
AND
ANY
AS
ASC
BACKUP DATABASE
BETWEEN
CASE
CHECK
COLUMN
CONSTRAINT
CREATE
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
CREATE TABLE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX
CREATE VIEW
DATABASE
DEFAULT
DELETE
DESC
DISTINCT
DROP
DROP COLUMN
DROP CONSTRAINT
DROP DATABASE
DROP DEFAULT
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
DROP VIEW
EXEC
EXISTS
FOREIGN KEY
FROM
FULL OUTER JOIN
GROUP BY
HAVING
IN
INDEX
INNER JOIN
INSERT INTO
INSERT INTO SELECT
IS NULL
IS NOT NULL
JOIN
LEFT JOIN
LIKE
LIMIT
NOT
NOT NULL
OR
ORDER BY
OUTER JOIN
PRIMARY KEY
PROCEDURE
RIGHT JOIN
ROWNUM
SELECT
SELECT DISTINCT
SELECT INTO
SELECT TOP
SET
TABLE
TOP
TRUNCATE TABLE
UNION
UNION ALL
UNIQUE
UPDATE
VALUES
VIEW
WHERE

MySQL Функции
Функции строк
ASCII
CHAR_LENGTH
CHARACTER_LENGTH
CONCAT
CONCAT_WS
FIELD
FIND_IN_SET
FORMAT
INSERT
INSTR
LCASE
LEFT
LENGTH
LOCATE
LOWER
LPAD
LTRIM
MID
POSITION
REPEAT
REPLACE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RPAD
RTRIM
SPACE
STRCMP
SUBSTR
SUBSTRING
SUBSTRING_INDEX
TRIM
UCASE
UPPER
Функции чисел
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATAN2
AVG
CEIL
CEILING
COS
COT
COUNT
DEGREES
DIV
EXP
FLOOR
GREATEST
LEAST
LN
LOG
LOG10
LOG2
MAX
MIN
MOD
PI
POW
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SUM
TAN
TRUNCATE
Функции дат
ADDDATE
ADDTIME
CURDATE
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
CURTIME
DATE
DATEDIFF
DATE_ADD
DATE_FORMAT
DATE_SUB
DAY
DAYNAME
DAYOFMONTH
DAYOFWEEK
DAYOFYEAR
EXTRACT
FROM_DAYS
HOUR
LAST_DAY
LOCALTIME
LOCALTIMESTAMP
MAKEDATE
MAKETIME
MICROSECOND
MINUTE
MONTH
MONTHNAME
NOW
PERIOD_ADD
PERIOD_DIFF
QUARTER
SECOND
SEC_TO_TIME
STR_TO_DATE
SUBDATE
SUBTIME
SYSDATE
TIME
TIME_FORMAT
TIME_TO_SEC
TIMEDIFF
TIMESTAMP
TO_DAYS
WEEK
WEEKDAY
WEEKOFYEAR
YEAR
YEARWEEK
Функции расширений
BIN
BINARY
CASE
CAST
COALESCE
CONNECTION_ID
CONV
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
DATABASE
IF
IFNULL
ISNULL
LAST_INSERT_ID
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SYSTEM_USER
USER
VERSION

SQL Server функции
Функции строк
ASCII
CHAR
CHARINDEX
CONCAT
Concat with +
CONCAT_WS
DATALENGTH
DIFFERENCE
FORMAT
LEFT
LEN
LOWER
LTRIM
NCHAR
PATINDEX
QUOTENAME
REPLACE
REPLICATE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RTRIM
SOUNDEX
SPACE
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
TRANSLATE
TRIM
UNICODE
UPPER
Функции чисел
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
CEILING
COUNT
COS
COT
DEGREES
EXP
FLOOR
LOG
LOG10
MAX
MIN
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SQUARE
SUM
TAN
Функции дат
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATEFROMPARTS
DATENAME
DATEPART
DAY
GETDATE
GETUTCDATE
ISDATE
MONTH
SYSDATETIME
YEAR
Функции расширений
CAST
COALESCE
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
IIF
ISNULL
ISNUMERIC
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SESSIONPROPERTY
SYSTEM_USER
USER_NAME

MS Access функции
Функции строк
Asc
Chr
Concat with &
CurDir
Format
InStr
InstrRev
LCase
Left
Len
LTrim
Mid
Replace
Right
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Space
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Str
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Abs
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Cos
Count
Exp
Fix
Format
Int
Max
Min
Randomize
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Round
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Sqr
Sum
Val
Функции дат
Date
DateAdd
DateDiff
DatePart
DateSerial
DateValue
Day
Format
Hour
Minute
Month
MonthName
Now
Second
Time
TimeSerial
TimeValue
Weekday
WeekdayName
Year
Другие функции
CurrentUser
Environ
IsDate
IsNull
IsNumeric

SQL ОператорыSQL Типы данныхSQL Краткий справочник

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Working With SQL Dates

Our “Users” Table:

id username first last member_since
1 ohBillNotAgain Hillary Clinton 2011-12-25
2 internetCreator Al Gore 2011-12-8
3 dontMessWithTexas George Bush 2011-7-9

Let’s try to get all of our members before December 25, 2011.

Example

SELECT *
FROM Users
WHERE member_since < '2011-12-25'

Result

id username first last member_since
2 internetCreator Al Gore 2011-12-8
3 dontMessWithTexas George Bush 2011-7-9

Alright, we said BEFORE December 25, 2011, which means poor Hillary isn’t included because she is on that day. Al barely made the cut, but old George was way before our cut off date. I suppose we should actually talk about what happened. Up to WHERE member_since < ‘2011-12-25’, we know what were doing. We could probably guess what is going on here, but I’ll beat the dead horse. We check our member_since column to see if it is less than, <, our date, which was written in single quotes as ‘2011-12-25’. Often when googling for help with dates, you see this syntax referred to as ‘YYYY-MM-DD’, where Y is for year, M is for month, and D is for day, obviously. Each repetition is a symbol of a blank character space for that element. So, you only want 2 digits for month because that makes sense, and maybe you don’t care about the first 2 characters of year. Instead you just write, YY to get 11. Easy enough, onto the wonderful DATETIMEs

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SQL Ключевые слова
ADD
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ALTER
ALTER COLUMN
ALTER TABLE
ALL
AND
ANY
AS
ASC
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FROM
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IN
INDEX
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LIMIT
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OR
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SELECT
SELECT DISTINCT
SELECT INTO
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SET
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VALUES
VIEW
WHERE

MySQL Функции
Функции строк
ASCII
CHAR_LENGTH
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INSERT
INSTR
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MAX
MIN
MOD
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TAN
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Функции дат
ADDDATE
ADDTIME
CURDATE
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
CURTIME
DATE
DATEDIFF
DATE_ADD
DATE_FORMAT
DATE_SUB
DAY
DAYNAME
DAYOFMONTH
DAYOFWEEK
DAYOFYEAR
EXTRACT
FROM_DAYS
HOUR
LAST_DAY
LOCALTIME
LOCALTIMESTAMP
MAKEDATE
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MICROSECOND
MINUTE
MONTH
MONTHNAME
NOW
PERIOD_ADD
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SECOND
SEC_TO_TIME
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TIME
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WEEKDAY
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YEAR
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Функции расширений
BIN
BINARY
CASE
CAST
COALESCE
CONNECTION_ID
CONV
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
DATABASE
IF
IFNULL
ISNULL
LAST_INSERT_ID
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SYSTEM_USER
USER
VERSION

SQL Server функции
Функции строк
ASCII
CHAR
CHARINDEX
CONCAT
Concat with +
CONCAT_WS
DATALENGTH
DIFFERENCE
FORMAT
LEFT
LEN
LOWER
LTRIM
NCHAR
PATINDEX
QUOTENAME
REPLACE
REPLICATE
REVERSE
RIGHT
RTRIM
SOUNDEX
SPACE
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
TRANSLATE
TRIM
UNICODE
UPPER
Функции чисел
ABS
ACOS
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
CEILING
COUNT
COS
COT
DEGREES
EXP
FLOOR
LOG
LOG10
MAX
MIN
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
ROUND
SIGN
SIN
SQRT
SQUARE
SUM
TAN
Функции дат
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATEFROMPARTS
DATENAME
DATEPART
DAY
GETDATE
GETUTCDATE
ISDATE
MONTH
SYSDATETIME
YEAR
Функции расширений
CAST
COALESCE
CONVERT
CURRENT_USER
IIF
ISNULL
ISNUMERIC
NULLIF
SESSION_USER
SESSIONPROPERTY
SYSTEM_USER
USER_NAME

MS Access функции
Функции строк
Asc
Chr
Concat with &
CurDir
Format
InStr
InstrRev
LCase
Left
Len
LTrim
Mid
Replace
Right
RTrim
Space
Split
Str
StrComp
StrConv
StrReverse
Trim
UCase
Функции чисел
Abs
Atn
Avg
Cos
Count
Exp
Fix
Format
Int
Max
Min
Randomize
Rnd
Round
Sgn
Sqr
Sum
Val
Функции дат
Date
DateAdd
DateDiff
DatePart
DateSerial
DateValue
Day
Format
Hour
Minute
Month
MonthName
Now
Second
Time
TimeSerial
TimeValue
Weekday
WeekdayName
Year
Другие функции
CurrentUser
Environ
IsDate
IsNull
IsNumeric

SQL ОператорыSQL Типы данныхSQL Краткий справочник

Почему важно разбираться

MS SQL дата применяется для хранения в базе данных различный сведений, связанных с понятиями даты и времени. Таковыми являются сведения, когда добавлялись или удалялись какие-либо данные, регистрировались пользователи, осуществлялась авторизация и т.д.

Эти значения очень важны в MS SQL Server. Невозможно достичь успеха ни в одном проекте, не зная операторов MS SQL дата. С ними приходится работать во всех сервисах. Чаще всего, это определение временных интервалов между определенными датами.

В SQL существует большое количество функций, которые связаны с этим типом данных. Поговорим о них подробнее.

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